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Dark-Eyed Junco
Description: The Dark-Eyed Junco is a common sparrow. There are 5 recognized species of Dark-Eyed Junco, including Oregon, Gray-Headed Junco, Slate Colored Junco, White-Winged Junco and Pink-Sided Junco. Often heard before they are noticed, Dark-Eyed Juncos flitter among bushes and trees, uttering their characteristic notes from Alaska and the northern Yukon, right across Canada and the United States.
Other Names: Snowbird
Color: The Junco's head, neck, wings, breasts and sides are dark, slate-gray with a white belly. The head is dark and almost black. Female Dark-Eyed Juncos are paler, often with a slight brown tinge on the upper parts. Immature Juncos are similar to the adults, but the gray areas are washed with brown.
Sound: Dark-Eyed Juncos make a sweet, rolling trill. When frightened, they dart for cover and utter sharp staccato notes of alarm that sounds like “chit chit chit." Listen to the Junco.
Preferred Environment: Dark-Eyed Juncos use a variety of forested habitat They prefer conifer or mixed forests that have dense underbrush and forest openings as well as along the edges of clearings. In winter, they are most often in open woodlands and brushy areas as well as in urban gardens.
Nesting Habits: The male Dark-Eyed Junco attracts his mate by singing from a high perch after which both birds hop around the ground with tails spread and wings drooped in a sort of mating dance. The female keeps a well-hidden nest, usually built in depressions on the ground or hidden under logs, rocks, or roots. Nests are made of grass, rootlets and moss, and are lined with fine grass, moss, feathers and hair. They have two broods a year but build a separate nest for the second brood.
Food Preference: Dark-Eyed Juncos' diet, in their natural environment, is about 1/2 seeds and 1/2 insects and other arthropods. In winter, they switch to seeds and berries. At the feeders, they eat sunflower, nyjer (thistle), corn, peanuts, suet and millet.
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How to Attract Dark-Eyed Juncos
The Dark-eyed Junco is a very common bird at winter bird feeders all across North America. They like to feed on the ground, but they will come to tree or post feeders as well.
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